Andrew Sullivan had a piece for New York magazine yesterday that set my Twitter timeline on fire. In discussing United’s recent dragging of an innocent Asian man off a flight, Sullivan wrote this:
Do you know the real reason Dr. Dao was so brutally tackled and thrown off that United flight? It was all about white supremacy. I mean, what isn’t these days? That idea is from the New Republic. Yes, the cops “seemed” to be African-American, as the author concedes, so the white-versus-minority paradigm is a little off. Yes, this has happened before to many people with no discernible racial or gender pattern. Yes, there is an obvious alternative explanation: The seats from which passengers were forcibly removed were randomly assigned. New York published a similar piece, which argued that the incident was just another example of Trump’s border-and-immigration-enforcement policies toward suspected illegal immigrants of color. That no federal cops were involved and there is no actual evidence at all of police harassment of Asian-Americans is irrelevant — it’s all racism, all the time, everywhere in everything.
It’s easy to mock this reductionism, I know, but it reflects something a little deeper. Asian-Americans, like Jews, are indeed a problem for the “social-justice” brigade. I mean, how on earth have both ethnic groups done so well in such a profoundly racist society? How have bigoted white people allowed these minorities to do so well — even to the point of earning more, on average, than whites? Asian-Americans, for example, have been subject to some of the most brutal oppression, racial hatred, and open discrimination over the years. In the late 19th century, as most worked in hard labor, they were subject to lynchings and violence across the American West and laws that prohibited their employment. They were banned from immigrating to the U.S. in 1924. Japanese-American citizens were forced into internment camps during the Second World War, and subjected to hideous, racist propaganda after Pearl Harbor. Yet, today, Asian-Americans are among the most prosperous, well-educated, and successful ethnic groups in America. What gives? It couldn’t possibly be that they maintained solid two-parent family structures, had social networks that looked after one another, placed enormous emphasis on education and hard work, and thereby turned false, negative stereotypes into true, positive ones, could it? It couldn’t be that all whites are not racists or that the American dream still lives?
Sullivan has often made controversial statements about race, like when he repudiated Black Lives Matter, but now he’s bringing the status of Asians into this argument and my brothers and sisters just were not having it.
In response, journalist Jeff Guo issued the following tweetstorm:
1. I would respond to Andrew Sullivan in two ways. https://t.co/q0o2C4A4LX
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
2. First, there were a lot of incentives for the white mainstream to champion and promote stories of Asian American success after WWII
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
3. I won’t get into them all, but read this interview with historian @ellendwu: https://t.co/5IPT3bCArF
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
4. Importantly: Elevating Asian Americans as “deserving” and “hardworking” was a tactic to denigrate African Americans
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
5. This is why the “model minority” label is so distasteful. It is a status conferred by the majority for the majority’s own purposes.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
6. Sullivan’s essay is an echo of the 1960s op-eds asking: “if Asian Americans could achieve success, why can’t African Americans?”
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
7. He’s right that by the mid 1900s, Asian Americans had better levels of education, on average, than African Americans.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
8. I wonder why? Could it be that Asian Americans and African Americans had wildly different experiences through American history?
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
9. Yes, both populations experienced brutal racism. There were terrible lynchings of Asian immigrants in the 1800s, for instance.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
10. But you can’t seriously be drawing a comparison between immigrants who came of their own accord, and the descendants of slaves?
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
11. So Asian Americans had some advantages. They were a bit more educated than black Americans in the early 1900s.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
12. Even so, Asian Americans were paid more or less the same as black Americans back then. That’s because of racism.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
13. That all changed between 1940 and 1970 — Asian Americans started to get paid like whites, thanks to decreasing racism.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
14. And a big reason there was decreasing racism against Asian Americans is that it became politically useful to be nice to Asian Americans
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
15. This brings me to my second response to Sullivan. To this day, Asian Americans have still not reached a happy, equitable ending.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
16. A lot of the Asian American wage advantage disappears when you control for education. pic.twitter.com/6gbYiizDrk
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
17. Basically, Asian Americans have to work harder and stay in school longer to make the same money as whites
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
18. No wonder Asian American parents are so obsessed with education! Have you ever wondered why that’s an Asian stereotype?
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
19. (And before you say “Confucian values”—that was mostly a public relations story championed by certain Chinatown leaders way back when.)
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
20. Asian American parents are obsessed with education in part because they see it as a protective shield in a racist society.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
21. Ditto stuff like violin lessons, piano lessons, etc. People make fun of these stereotypes but I find them heartbreaking.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
22. Asian parents just want to do everything they can for their children to succeed, and sometimes their efforts backfire.
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
23. They don’t realize that violin lessons are a cliche, and that this actually won’t give their child a leg up in college admissions
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
24. (We also made a video about this if you are interested: https://t.co/vdLsshTVQM)
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
25. So @reihan mentions this research, which I think is important and addresses the “Confucian values” myth. BUT. https://t.co/jXryYFFqdh
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
26. Most of what I’m talking about happened before the major changes to immigration law that let in the highly skilled
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
26. And restrictions on Asian immigration were slowly lifted after WWII precisely because the U.S. knew that Asian exclusion looked bad
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
27. (For those who forgot: In the 1880s, Chinese were the first group to be specifically banned from the U.S. Later all Asians were banned.)
— Jeff Guo (@_jeffguo) April 15, 2017
It’s important to recognize when and how the myth of the model minority is deployed. It’s almost always used to disparage one minority group, and occasionally to turn minority groups against each other. We should be vigilant against it.